IJRHS – Vol. 1, Issue 01, March 2013 | International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences (IJRHS)

Sr.	Title of Research Paper/Article	Author	e-Certificate	Download

1	Unique Quadrilateral and FormulaAbstract – In Geometry we learn about many different types of shapes and try to derive formula to generalize it. In the real life most of the objects we see around are of shape of special quadrilateral. In this paper researcher has derived a special formula for quadrilateral which is given as follows. formula (n)2+ (n+1)2+(n(n+1))2= (n(n+1)+1)2 . Total fourteen observation concluded by the researcher and the fact finding results discussed in detail with the formula. Present research is also gives the proof of Pythagoras Theorem which is also provide the base for the present research. Research regarding the quadrilateral formula will open new branch of quadrilateral in geometry and will be use for the further research. From the above invented formula of Dr. Suresh is one of the formulas that can be useful to find the different study of mathematics. Description of the new formula will be useful to develop possible many riders, formula, hypotheses and true results in the field of mathematics. Brahamgupta’s formula and Hero’s formula for the finding Area will be constructed on the basis of cyclic quadrilateral and provide the scope of many unsolved area/problems/puzzles of the mathematics.	Dr. Suresh R. Parmar

2	Bigamy: A Socio-Legal Problem and its RemediesAbstract – Women constitute almost fifty percent of the world’s population. As per as their social status is concerned, they are not treated as equal to men in all places. As far as the statues of women with special to reference to Indian society we feel that a large number of the Indian women are still facing the problem of illiteracy. The woman belongs to village areas are specially affected with this problem and they are facing a major socio-legal problem which is concerned with bigamy. So the education to women is the most powerful instrument of changing their position. From the days when a Hindu could marry as many wives as he would like to and a Muslim can even now marry at a time four wives, the society in recognition of the respectable position of the women has reached a stage where monogamy is the order of the day. Bigamy is defined under section 494 I.P.C. as whoever, being married, marries again where such later marriage is void by reason of its taking place during the Subsistence of the earlier marriage, commits bigamy and shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine. The object of enacting this section is to punish persons who defiance of the law applicable to them in matters of marriage and divorce. Etc. takes a second spouse during the existence of the first. It is a harsh fact that many prosecutions relating to bigamy fail because of the lack of proof of the solemnization of second marriage with requisite ceremonies. It is submitted that with respect to the ceremonial validity of marriage a uniform law should be made applicable to members of all communities. In other words, a statute under the title “Ceremonies of Marriage Act” should be passed.	Dr. Rajesh S. Vyas

3	Communicative Language Teaching: A Better Way of Language LearningAbstract – The need for good communication skill has created a great demand for English teaching around the world. People want to improve their command over English. Students want to master English to a high level of accuracy and fluency. The demand for appropriate teaching methodology is therefore as strong as ever. At present, different methods and approaches have been used for teaching English in classroom at present. There are many opinions swinging in regard to issues like which approach or method is more effective in teaching English as a second or foreign language in Indian classroom in general and Gujarat in particular. Moreover the most important issue is how to teach English in our classrooms. At present Communicative Language teaching is the need of the hour as it has been extensively adopted by textbooks and curricula in second language teaching. At present Following Communicative Approach Teaching points have been discussed in details. Language functions Communicative Language Teaching Principles of CLT Communicative Model of Teaching CLT Procedure Classroom activities in CLT Teachers’ and Students’ Roles in CLT Classroo	Jayesh M. Patel

4	Rising Trends in Commerce EducationAbstract – Since last two decades a numbers of changes and developments have taken place in the social and political arena and as a consequence India and other developing countries are facing new challenges to cope with, which put high demand on the educational system. At present India is in a stage of transition involving social, cultural and economic changes. It is gradually moving from tradition to modernity, from an industrial to an information society and from welfare state to liberal market economy. These have strong implications for commerce education. Today, commerce education is suffering from terminal disease and there is a tremendous sense of frustration not only in the minds of students, but also in the minds of commerce teachers about future of this education. Commerce graduates and commerce colleges have grown in number in very significant way in the last 70-80 years. Every years thousands of students complete their graduation & post-graduation in Commerce. Most of them are underemployed and many remain unemployed. On one hand, Industry is undergoing a difficult time and the number on employment opportunities is declining, whereas on the other hand Industry doesn’t find commerce graduates up to the marks in terms of skills and understanding of the real problem. In this way commerce education is an essential part of education in our social life. Therefore the government should try to establish the new trend and syllabus of commerce education in primary education. Because of commerce education is an opening part of the life starts with the age of nearby 17-18 year in this trend of globalization. So our students must need this type of education from the preliminary days of education. Through this article the author wants to convey the basic needs of commerce education.	Dr. Nilesh B. Gajjar

5	Operating Expense of Superior Education and Partial Funds: Origin and Probable ModificationAbstract – Higher Education is heavily subsidized in India. In all the states, on whose shoulders the ultimate responsibility of financing higher education rest, the contribution of students’ fees at all level has substantially declined over the last four decades and the contribution of the state government has gone up almost to the point of totality. For instance, in Uttar Pradesh, the largest State of India, with as many as 25 Universities and 419 degree colleges, the contribution of fees in higher education, which was 32 percent of the total in 1950-51, came down to 19 percent in 1979-80. Subsequently, owing to substantial increase in public financing of higher Education and stagnant rates of fees, there has occurred a further decline. For example, in Lucknow University alone, whose annual budget is over Rs.13 corers, the contribution of fees is Rs. 76 lakh only, thus accounting for less than six percent of the University budget in 1990-91.	Dr. Asha Chaudhary

6	Effects of Substance Abuse among African-American Adolescents in the United StatesAbstract – Adolescence is the developmental period that allows multiple risk behaviors to emerge. During this period, multiple risk behaviors affect health outcomes in adulthood. One of the effects of substance abuse is that adolescents who use illicit substances might subsequently feel guilty about their habit and begin to experience low self-esteem and depressive symptoms. This is an exploratory study based on existing literature to critically examine and understand effects of substance abuse among African-American adolescents. This study concludes that the development of culturally specific treatment options for African-American substance abusers will help to strengthen overall health among African American youth and adolescents.	Dr. Michael O. Akintayo

7	The Science and Essential of Multi-Media LaboratoryAbstract – Media lab (often referred to as new media lab, media art lab or media research lab) is a term used for interdisciplinary organizations, collectives or spaces with the main focus on new media, digital culture and technology. The definition of media lab is widely discussed and is open for debate. The term can describe a space, a cultural organization as well as a community or a way of working in which collaboration and experimentation plays a crucial role. Media labs are usually: Multidisciplinary: they gather participants of multiple disciplines and of diverse professional backgrounds Open: they stimulate open knowledge exchange and sharing in the spirit of free culture, often using or producing open source softwares. Experimental: the outcome of projects is often not defined before they are started. They allow for tinkering. Sites of non-formal learning practices, where learning by doing is stimulated. In this article the author wants to point out the basic of Multimedia Laboratory through this article in the world of Science and emerging Technology under the Globalization wind.	Ektaben A. Barot

8	Translation Services in IndiaAbstract – Translation services are essential for various reasons. Here, published list of indexes, use of articles to avoid duplication in translation, various institutions who maintain translation department, languages in which translation services are rendered by INSDOC, supportive institutions and directories referred by INSDOC are given here.	Sunitaben J. Chauhan

9	Construction and Standardization of Anxiety Measurement test for the Students of Standard 9th and 10th of Anand DistrictAbstract – Anxiety (also called angst or worry) is a psychological and physiological state characterized by somatic, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral components. It is the displeasing feeling of fear and concern. The root meaning of the word anxiety is ‘to vex or trouble’; in either presence or absence of psychological stress, anxiety can create feelings of fear, worry, uneasiness, and dread. It is also associated with feelings of restlessness, fatigue, concentration problems, and muscle tension. However, anxiety should not be confused with fear, which is more of a dreaded feeling about something which appears intimidating and can overcome an individual. Anxiety is considered to be a normal reaction to a stressor. It may help an individual to deal with a demanding situation by prompting them to cope with it. However, when anxiety becomes overwhelming, it may fall under the classification of an anxiety disorder. Anxiety can be confused with fear. However, fear is concrete, (a real danger) whereas anxiety is the paranoia of something out there that seems menacing but may not be menacing, and, indeed, may not even be out there. The statement of problems was “Construction and Standardization of Anxiety Measurement test for Students of standard 9th and 10th of Anand District” The researcher had decided objectives considering her limited sources, energy and time. Independent variables were gender (malefemale), standard of students Anxiety Measurement test. Students of standard 9th and 10th of Gujarati Medium school students of Anand District of education year 2011-12 were selected as universe in the present study. Among which 415 students were selected as sample for the present study. To collect data the researcher had constructed self made tool Anxiety Measurement test. After getting data from students, analysis was done by’t’ value. Null hypothesis was constructed to clear her objectives. Analysis was done for each hypothesis. The field of research was Educational Psychology.	Mehulkumar K. Patel

10	Teaching Learning Structure and Teaching TacticsAbstract – Institutions of higher learning across the nation are responding to social, political, economic, social and technological pressures to be more responsive to students’ needs and more concerned about how well students are prepared to assume future societal roles. Faculty are already feeling the pressure to lecture less, to make learning environments more interactive, to integrate technology into the learning experience, and to use collaborative learning strategies when appropriate. In this way how teachers sustain the students in class rooms? It’s a big question for us in the world of Globalization and Technology. Hence, the teacher must play his vital or essential role in 21st century education.	Parimal P. Gohil

11	Memory: The Essential part of OrganismAbstract – In psychology, memory is the process by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved. Encoding allows information that is from the outside world to reach our senses in the forms of chemical and physical stimuli. In this first stage we must change the information so that we may put the memory into the encoding process. Storage is the second memory stage or process. This entails that we maintain information over periods of time. Finally the third process is the retrieval of information that we have stored. We must locate it and return it to our consciousness. Some retrieval attempts may be effortless due to the type of information. Life passes in moments of time where action happens. Something occurs and a response is triggered. An emotion is felt, a door is closed, a word is spoken. The face before you moves to communicate with you, or the car seems motionless as Earth itself passes by. Somewhere in your head, inside the piece of flesh that controls our personality – a stain is made. Something in life spilt and burned itself into a psychic world that you can’t control. A transparent image that can be summoned or rise alone. Sounds, geography, scent; these pieces of now act as a ritual to then. Like a séance for remembering, and that vision appears, and all the factors of reality can reassemble themselves like it was just yesterday. Time doesn’t really go very far at all. You’re not following a line with distance from beginning to now. You’re a mass within a mass and every moment of time passing is just mass changing, rotating. The pictures flash, and we can be very thankful for that. That memory gives us a portal to something gone; something we can’t get back. Thus, Memory is an Essential part of our life.	Dr. Paragi R. Shah

12	Construction and Standardization of Interest Measurement Test for the Students Anand DistrictAbstract – The statement of problems was “Construction and Standardization of Interest Measurement Test for Students of standard-11th and 12th of Anand District. The researcher had decided objectives considering her limited sources, energy and time. Independent variables were gender (malefemale), standard of students Interest Measurement Test. Students of standard11th and 12th of Gujarati Medium school students of Anand District of education year 2011-12 were selected as universe in the present study. Among which 287 students were selected as sample for the present study. To collect data the researcher had constructed self made tool Interest Measurement Test. After getting data from students, analysis was done by’t’ value. Null Hypothesis was constructed to clear her objectives. Analysis was done for each Hypothesis. The field of research was Educational Psychology. The research was practical as well as statistical.	Nikitaben B. Patel

13	An Inquiry into the Present Scenario of teaching of History in Selected School of Anand DistrictAbstract – Human beings have been learning from the nature since ancient times. There has been a change in learning style of the cultured people also. From the ancient institution of learning a man has started to learn. Due to the research attitude of a man there have been changes in educational institutions also. There have been changes in education process and educational Structure. History and education are the integral parts of education. History helps in knowing a teacher and education helps in knowing about history like other subjects at School level, the Subject of history is also considered as an important Subject and it is studied deeply and thoroughly. The investigator has tried to know the way the teaching of history is done in schools and to show its current Status by studying it.	Kamlesh S. Taral

14	Use of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) in College LibrariesAbstract – Libraries in the past used to be temples of knowledge – knowledge generally reserved only for the few. Today, ICT provides a means of reverting this paradigm, not only by providing access to information, but also by disseminating information and fostering interaction. It enlarges the scope of acquisition, processing, organization and dissemination of information and knowledge; it raises speed, reduces cost and over comes space, time, language and media barriers. The librarians in academic and research institutions have to apply the tools and techniques of ICT to meet the changing requirements of the users by innovating its procedures and systems.	Bhavika D Modi