IJRHS – Vol. 5, Issue 03, March 2017 | International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences (IJRHS)

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1	Women Empowerment in India: Issues and ChallengesAbstract – Women represent half the global population and one-third of the work force, they receive only onetenth of the global income and less than one percent of world property, and does two-thirds of all working hours. Still, day in and day out, our conscience is shocked by news of the violation of human rights of women. Such an approach provides the women with a constitutional platform to stand up to men, to raise their voice on issues concerning women oppression, subjugation and related issues and thus in effect, providing them with an identity in an orthodox male dominated socio-political set up, in addition to providing a much needed forum to seek redressal of problems directly affecting them: the true essence of empowerment. The process of empowerment is multi-dimensional and it enables women to realise their full destiny and powers in all spheres of life. A women’s empowerment begins with consciousness—perceptions about herself and her rights, her capabilities and her potentials, awareness of how gender and socio-cultural and political forces affect her.	Dr. Nileshkumar B. Gajjar

2	The Effectiveness of Providing Reading Instruction Via Tier 2 of Response to InterventionAbstract – Reading failure is a common achievement problem among students. Thus, schools have actively been used Tier 2 Response to Intervention (RTI) for supporting students with reading problems in small group settings based on the instructional needs of students. The objective and the intent of this literature review is to locate, analyze, and synthesize the qualitative and quantitative research on Tier 2 of reading instruction to identify the RTI approaches, characteristics, and professional development programs that are applied to enhance students’ achievements in reading. The primary findings identified that students’ reading skills increased following implementation of the Tier 2 of RTI procedure, while at the same time addressing the achievement gaps between students with reading problems and their peers, thus recommending Tier 2 of reading instruction as an effective technique to support students’ reading. The results of this literature review study are reported, as well as the application to applied practice.	Areej Alsalamah

3	Employment Growth in India: Some Major DimensionsAbstract – A sizeable alleviation in poverty in India is possible only if employment situation is effectively taken care of over a long run. Most of other measures aiming at poverty reduction suffer from transitory nature and limited chances of success. Employment enables continuous flow of income across the different categories of people and the Income flow to an individual is influenced by employment, its nature, duration, type, wage rate on one hand, and also the size of assets, education, skill level and reference value, but employment, including its nature, type and duration, among these is the most significant. The reform period has laid a momentous emphasis on rate of growth which is considered to generate employment as an effect by producing greater opportunities in existing and novel areas which, in turn, is expected to diminish poverty as well. Hence, this paper attempts to examine the employment in India over last thirty to forty years with larger part of the concern devoted to the significant aspects of employment related developments especially during the reform period. Most of the statistics used in the paper has been taken from several rounds of The National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) which conducts the quinquennial surveys to collect the data on employment and unemployment in India. Overall situation of employment and unemployment constitutes one of the most significant aspects of problem. Since employment position is an outcome of not only demand side factors but also the supply side facets which include rate of participation of population in labour force, and the features of the labour force. The population growth may decelerate and yet labour force participation rate (LFPR) may increase as that depends on growth rate of working age population as the relationship between the rate of population growth and labour force is not essentially unidirectional. Similarly, the Worker Population Ratio (WPR) may also move in a direction other than that of population and that LFPR depending upon the demand-supply scenario on the whole. The employment/unemployment situation varies very widely on three alternative concepts of employment – Usual Principal Status, Current Weekly Status, and Current Daily Status; and the situation on these concepts is also influenced differently. The Age-Specific Worker Participation Rate have also undergone changes due to a number of reasons which may be in harmony with the chalked out plan or may offer problems to planners themselves. Category of employment, i.e., Self-employment, regular employment and casual employment is another important dimension about which the concerns have been raised by academics and so, the trends are being examined here along with the industry-wise employment shifts that have been taking place with the growth of the economy, and also changes in the contributions of these industry divisions in the GDP.	Reena Baliyan

4	Oppression for the Course on EqualityAbstract – In this essay there is an attempt to explore the concept of oppression in its true form. The problem in deciphering this concept lies with its invisibility as a structure or system. The essay borrows from the classic essays by Marilyn frye and iris marion young In addition Alison bailey’s piee gives in te aount as to why oppression of one group is always linked with the privileged position of another. To be oppressed is not a choice as it is a result of long established system, but the individual has the role in realizing it and then acting in consonance with others of his group to overcome it. This is the responsibility of the individual that he has to take control over his own life. Another important aspect is that by taking a causal fatalistic notion of oppression people start with internalization of oppression (Bartky1 979, 1984; Itzin 1985; Pheterson 1987.) Judgements of responsibility are thus relative to their contexts and the purposes for which they are made. They may also be quite complex, especially since more than one person, indeed millions of people, may be responsible, in some degree, for a situati.	Divya Jha

5	Trans-boundary Co-operation: A Case Study of River NileAbstract – All human beings are the custodians of natural resources and have the privilege of utilising them for their own benefit. Territorial divisions have demarcated power centres globally which in their own way try to control ownership of the resources. Riparian regimes like rivers are flowing irrespective of territorial boundaries and are shared by many nation-states. However, the process of damming has led to obstruction of these flow regimes and preventing other communities to reap benefits. Construction of dams to generate power is a common practice and disputes arising out of sharing of water resources, in this case, cannot be prevented. The Nile River Dispute is the oldest one since the Nile is shared by eleven states. This paper is an nvestigation into the present status of the dispute post the construction of the Grand Renaisaance Dam	Maansi Malik et al.

6	Micro Unit Development and Refinance Agency (MUDRA): Concept, Offerings and ImpactAbstract – MUDRA- Micro Unit Development and Refinance Agency has been the strongest endeavour of our Hon. Prime Minister to bank the unbanked population. It has been launched on 8th April, 2015, after the success of Pradhan Manrti Jan Dhan Yojana. This scheme started for Non-Corporate Small Business Sectors (NCSBS) to encourage them to expand their capabilities and operations. NCSBS plays a very important role in growth, employment and socio-economic development of the country. The main objective of this scheme to provide financial assistance to all those small business and entrepreneurs, who are having direct impact on overall growth of the economy. Under Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana, our Prime Minister launched Mudra Bank, which will benefits small entrepreneurs and also act as a regulator for ‘icro Finance Institutions’. This research article therefore, is an attempt to analyse the objectives, offerings and impact of MUDRA Yojana on Indian economy.	Alka Chaudhary

7	Indian Accounting Standards (Ind.-As): An OverviewAbstract – Since last few decades, demand of uniformity of accounting is becoming strong,. Various multi nations are also expanding their business of multi products. On the other hand, due to differences in financial reporting and accounting standards; the hurdles are creating in financial comparisons at the international level also. So, to solve this problem, IASB (International Accounting Standard Board) came up with the concept of unified accounting standards i.e. IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standard). There are few countries in the world who have already adopted this revolution and making efforts for convergence of IFRS. This paper is a brief talk about Indian Accounting Standards converged with IFRS (IND AS). Here various aspects of IND.- AS are discussed.	Kirtan P. Raval

8	Green Revolution and its Impact on EnvironmentAbstract – The Green Revolution refers to a series of research and development and technology transfer initiatives, occurring between the 1940s and the late 1960s, that increased agricultural production worldwide, particularly in the developing world, beginning most markedly in the late 1960s.Green revolution was highly successful as agricultural production of most of countries increased. But Green revolution has some adverse impact on environment in forms of deforestation, land degradation, loss of biodiversity, increase in greenhouse gas emissions etc. For example, before the revolution, it is speculated that there were over 3000 variants of rice. Now it is estimated that only ten modified variety of rice is used. There are varying opinions about the effect of the Green Revolution on wild biodiversity. One hypothesis speculates that by increasing production per unit of land area, agriculture will not need to expand into new, uncultivated areas to feed a growing human population. However, land degradation and soil nutrients depletion have forced farmers to clear up formerly forested areas in order to keep up with production. Nevertheless, the world community has clearly acknowledged the negative aspects of agricultural expansion as the 1992 Rio Treaty, signed by 189 nations, has generated numerous national Biodiversity Action Plans which assign significant biodiversity loss to agriculture’s expansion into new domains. Most high intensity agricultural production is highly reliant on non-renewable resources. Agricultural machinery and transport, as well as the production of pesticides and nitrates all depend on fossil fuels. Moreover, the essential mineral nutrient phosphorus is often a limiting factor in crop cultivation, while phosphorus mines are rapidly being depleted worldwide. The consumption of the pesticides used to kill pests by humans in some cases may be increasing the likelihood of cancer in some of the rural villages using them.	Prashant Kumar

9	India-Iran Bilateral Relations: an Integrative Analysis of Mutual Antagonisms and AmicabilitiesAbstract – The bilateral ties between India and Iran is unique and exclusive not only due to its close cultural and civilizational associations but also because of the intertwined network of its ancient and modern histories which have far reaching implications and reflections even in the contemporary Indian and Iranian economy, culture, society and politics. Indo-Iranian bilateral relations have generally been defined in terms of its cultural links and energy security ties. However, the relationship between the two countries moves beyond those conventional narrations and transcends into the new plots of terrorism, regional security, peace and stability. Hence it is important to analyse the relation between the two countries in a holistic manner where the security dimensions, political history, cultural links are intertwined in a complicated web of coherences and complementarities. This paper is an integrative analysis of the major ebbs and flows in the bilateral relation between India and Iran and its implications at a regional level.	Umesh Kumar

10	Influence of Macroeconomic Indicators on Mutual Funds Market in IndiaAbstract – Mutual funds have been developing as a favored investment choice in comparison to other investment avenues. However, the investor has to analyse the various macroeconomic factors before undertaking any investment decision. There are several factors at the macroeconomic level which have a stimulus on the investment choices. Investors need to evaluate the risk and reward linked with investing in the schemes. In this context, the present study attempts to identify the macroeconomic factors which influence the mutual funds market. Existence of causal relationship has been analysed using the Vector Auto regression and Block Exogenity Wald test. It is evident from the analysis that the Real macroeconomic variables considered for the study do not have a significant influence on the Mutual funds market and were not found to be reliable to even predict the market movements.	Kavita

11	Automation and Artificial Intelligence- A Risk on Different Jobs of the EconomyAbstract – The insurgency of technology is replacing human beings with machines in practically every sector of the worldwide economy. In recent years, due to automation many jobs have gone astray as machines have overpowered human tasks. Millions of workers have been permanently fired and the entire work categories have shrunk. Countries like India face the bigger brunt on jobs due to automation in sectors like banking, education, medicine, etc. The whole era of artificial intelligence along with digitization is accelerating at a pace that employers and employees will face a sustained skills gap. The year 2020 will be the year of robots which will subsequently takeover million of jobs. The robots will not just make cars but also drive them, replacing the job of humans by taking over trains and taxis. Artificial intelligence will be better at diagnosing medical images or researching legal cases in comparison to human jobs. Globalization and technical innovation is causing a threat to the work opportunities of millions of workforce across the globe. Hence, it is rational and logical that we should turn to education so as to understand and prepare for the robotic workforce of tomorrow. The objective of the study is to know the impact of automation and artificial intelligence on different jobs and professions.	Mani Gulati

12	Gender Differences in the Attitude towards Mathematics of Ninth Class Adolescents of ChandigarhAbstract – The present study is based on a survey of secondary school students about their attitudes towards mathematics. Students of both the gender constitute the population of this study. Sample of the study comprised 464 male and 461 female ninth class students of 10 private and 10 government schools located in Chandigarh. A questionnaire prepared and standardized by the investigator to examine the attitudes of male and female students towards mathematics at secondary school level was used. Descriptive statistics and t-test with P < 0.05 level of significance were used for data analysis. Results show significant gender differences with regard to teachers’ perception and enjoyment dimensions of attitude towards mathematics. But no significant differences have been found with regard to self confidence, motivation, usefulness dimensions of attitude towards mathematics and total attitude towards mathematics.	Dr. Kiranjit Kaur

13	Management of Pressures and Stress on Library Professionals in 21st CenturyAbstract – Being universal element, stress has become a major concern of the modern times and is faced in every walk of life by both Library Professionals and Library Organizations. A group of researchers have already anticipated that the level of stress in libraries and information centres will continue to rise in the future, if not properly understood and managed. Another group have investigated the aspects of techno stress of librarians owing to the introduction of new technologies in the library field. This paper attempts to define stress in the light of Library and Information Science profession. It describes about the types of stress in libraries and its reasons and remedies. Also critically analyses the best ways to manage the pressures and stress of LIS professionals in digital library environment.	Dr. Rajiv Vij

14	Demonetisation and Its Impact on Inflation, and Interest rate in Indian EconomyAbstract –On 8 November 2016, in an unanticipated late-evening message on television, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced the cabinet`s decision to pull Rs 1000 and Rs 500 notes from circulation, making them unacceptable for most transactions from that midnight. This “demonetization” intrusion affected 85 percent of the money in circulation in India. The purpose of demonetisation, he said, was to “fight against corruption, black money, fake notes and terrorism, in this movement for refining our country.” It was an unprecedented move, whether in India or almost anywhere else, and it is by far Prime Minister Modi’s boldest policy intervention to date. The move has dominated the news since then— there are lots of discussion is going on among industrialist, bankers, academic scholars, economists, students and of course fellow citizen of this country. Everybody is intensely excited about its outcome. The question is whether the government will success in his objectives or not?? Economist across the world has divided on this issues some support the move while some oppose the move. Amartya Sen called it ‘despotic’ whereas Jagdish Bhagwati called it ‘courageous with the potential to generate large future benefits.’ It has multiple positive and negative effect in India`s economy. If we look at the effect of demonetisation from the perspective of Fisher’s monetary exchange equation, it could be observed that money supply as well as velocity is falling fall further for few more weeks until withdrawn currency is replaced by new currency. Since value of goods and services is not going to fall, the prices would fall resultantly and we would observe inflation falling flat. Once Milton Friedman said, excess demand is the direct result of the increase in the stock of money. It is the growth in money supply that is solely accountable for the inflation (i.e. growth in price level) in the economy. Even otherwise demonetisation has reduced demand and would further reduce demand for few more weeks and since supply shall continue to be same for few months or so, the prices would fall. If we look at labour market, it is expected that there would be huge supply- demand gap as supply would be much higher than demand which would also affect wage rate. Due to Fisher Effect low inflation rate causes low interest rate. It can also be understood through the excess supply and low demand of fund in capital market. It is recently reported that OPEC and non OPEC countries have decided to cut production of oil by around 1.2 million and 558000, barrel per day respectively from the beginning of the New Year 2017. This may push upward pressure on inflation in India`s economy. If we through light towards the newly elected president of USA Mr. Trump we can expect a different world from few months ago. Trump`s manifesto reveal that his government is going to make huge fiscal expenditure in USA economy which strengthen the belief of higher Federal rate in coming future, which will not be good for the emerging economy like India. If that will happen then RBI may not reduce the interest rate. This paper study the impact of demonetisation on inflation and interest rate through economic theories and past research.	Arun Kumar, Shashank Vikram Pratap Singh, Rajesh Kumar Nigah, Sapna Bansal